What Is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects a student’s ability to read, write, and spell. It is neurological in origin and typically results from a difficulty with the phonological component of language, making it challenging to decode words, spell correctly, and read fluently. Despite receiving effective classroom instruction and having adequate intelligence, students with dyslexia may struggle with literacy tasks in ways that are often unexpected.

In Texas, dyslexia is defined by the Texas Education Code (TEC §38.003) as a “disorder of constitutional origin manifested by a difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity.” This definition guides how public schools identify, assess, and support students with dyslexia across the state.

The current definition from the International Dyslexia Association states the following: "Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede the growth of vocabulary and background knowledge." (Adopted by the International Dyslexia Board of Directors, November 12, 2002).

At Hallsville ISD, we are committed to the early identification of students with dyslexia and the use of evidence-based instruction to meet their needs. Our goal is to provide every student with the tools and support necessary to succeed in reading and beyond. If you have questions or suspect your child may be showing signs of dyslexia, please contact your campus for more information.

What Is Dysgraphia?

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects a student’s ability to write clearly and efficiently. It can impact handwriting, spelling, and the ability to organize thoughts on paper. Students with dysgraphia may struggle with forming letters, spacing words, writing at a typical speed, or expressing ideas through writing. These difficulties go beyond simple messy handwriting and can make written tasks frustrating or overwhelming.

The International Dyslexia Association defines dysgraphia as "a specific learning disability that makes it harder for children to acquire and use written language. It can occur on its own or alongside other learning challenges like dyslexia or ADHD."

At Hallsville ISD, we are committed to identifying students with dysgraphia and providing them with appropriate support and strategies to help them succeed. If you have concerns about your child’s writing development, please reach out to your campus for more information and resources.